Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper exunines the isslrc of welfcne recidiuism m Toronto. Afeer reviewing the auailable literature - both in ter-ms of tndiuidual experiences ad. the broader bbow market context - the paper reports on the findings of a telephone suruey of social assistance Ieauers conducted inToronto in 2005. Analysis reveak irnpornnt differences in terms of age , family tJpe ad education between recidiuists cnd the general social asslstan ce case- Load. Typical employment. interq.tentrons a'e shown to be krgely ineffecnue in preuenting retums to asslstance . Additional finarcial assistance , employment md medical bcncfits arc aII shown to haqte positivc effects. A rcmge of meanues described as beyond work-first (firuncial incenti,Des and supports, case m(magement, employer-based strategies, and greater access to education cmd training both before and after employment) offer some fn'omise of inueasing job retention and reducing recidiq,'ism. Howeuer, there is also a need to question the asswnPtion tfutt. retLLms to assistctnce reflect a policy failwe. While the goal must be on sustained ernployment, quicl<er re-application processes withfater access to progralns and seruices will reduce costs and the loss of ma'kewble skills . As with a broaiened anay of supports , such a chcmge woukl prouide euidence of a social assistrn'tce system thnt is responsirte to both shifting labow market realities, as well as the chcmging needs of vulnerabb groups . R6sum6 Cet mticle porte sw le 'r6.cidiuisme' des assistds sociaux Toronto. Suite d la recension de la litt1rattue qui traite des expdriences indiqtiduelles et du contexte pltn Imge du mmch6 du nauail, nous prdsentera$ lcs rlsulnx d'un sondage tillphonirye effecwi en 2005 , irTa'cmto, u.Lprds d'une population qui a quittd I' usisnnce sociale. l) analyse rdudle des diff€rences impornntes en foncnon de I'dge, de la configuration faniliale et deI'1ducanon entTeles r€cidiqtistes etlapopulation plus gdndrale quibdndficie du progranme. Les interuentions cktssiques pour encowager I'accis direct d l'emploi s' auirent Atre inefficaces pour ernpAcher Ie retow d I'assisrance, s ociale. Une aide fincmcidre compl1menttire, un emploi et des bdndfices couurerLt Les frais midicaux ont tous des effets positi[s. Une ganvne de disposinorc ddcites au-deli de kt ptimauti de l' emploi ( . work first ) et qui inclut des anLantages et soutiens d'ordre financier, la gesnon par cas, des stratdges d'intdressement de I'employew, et ut'L plus gand accds d l'1ducation et d In formation pofesionnelb pr6- et post-emploi offrent quelque chnnce d'eccroh'e kt rdtention au trauail et In rdduction du r1cidiuisme. Cependant, il y a Lieu de remettre en question lp pr6suppos6 selon lequel Ltn retoln' d I'ossistance sociale signifie un 6chec de ln politique sociale . Bien que I' objectif doit Atre la continuitd dans I' ernploi, un processus phn rapide de renouuellement de la demande et ttn accis plus rapide d des progrunmes et d des seruices r1duwales coits etln perte des compdtences unlisables. Un tel chmtgement, de m€me qu' un €uennit phn k rge de meslLres de sounen, montrerait d I' luidence Lrn sJsteme d'assistrmce socialt mieux adapte qui serqit en mesLlre de rEondre aux modifications du march6. et aux na'tsformcttions des besoins des groupes les plus uulndrqbles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".