An accessory role for B cells in the IL-12 induced activation of resting murine NK lymphocytes (97.2)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract IL-12 is produced during early innate immune responses. Via their potent production of IFN-γ, NK cells are important mediators of the anti-microbial and anti-cancer effects of IL-12. Since the IL-12 receptor is expressed on activated but not resting NK cells, it is still unclear how IL-12 stimulates resting NK cells. Here we reveal that the activation of resting murine NK cells by IL-12 is dependent upon B cells. Upon stimulation of bulk spleen cells with IL-12, NK cells are the main source of IFN-γ. The activation of NK cells with IL-12 is dependent on endogenous IL-18 as spleen cells from IL-18 knock out (KO) mice are poorly stimulated, and purified NK cells are not stimulated with IL-12 unless IL-18 is also added. To stimulate purified NK cells with IL-12 alone, B cells, but not NKT, macrophages or dendritic cells, are absolutely required. Co-culturing B cells with NK cells induces IFN-γ production by NK cells in a contact-dependent manner. Purified B cells from IL-18 KO mice are not able to stimulate NK cells in the presence of IL-12, but IL-18 KO NK cells are still stimulated with IL-12 as long as normal B cells are present. This suggests that B cells may be a source of endogenous IL-18 during IL-12 stimulation. Intraperitoneal injection of IL-12 induces higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-18 in the sera of wild type mice than those of B cell deficient mice. Thus, we propose that B cells are important accessory cells to NK cell stimulation by IL-12. (Supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute of Canada)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".