Regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to suppression of anti-malarial immunity by concurrent nematode infection (51.1)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Here, we investigated the mechanisms involved in modulation of anti-malarial immunity by concurrent nematode infection. Both WT C57BL/6 (B6) and STAT-6 deficient (KO) mice co-infected with the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp) 2 wk prior to blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS (Pc) infection had significantly higher parasitemias and significantly lower serum IFN-γ levels compared to their respective controls infected with Pc alone. Hp-infected STAT-6 KO compared to WT mice produced significantly lower levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) but Tregs (CD4+CD25+Foxp3− and CD4+CD25−Foxp3+) were significantly and similarly increased within 2 wk after Hp infection in both strains. Transfer of CD4+CD25+ Tregs from uninfected and Hp-infected B6 mice significantly increased malaria parasitemia in recipient mice while depletion of CD25+ cells suppressed parasitemia in Pc-infected mice but not in co-infected mice. FACS analysis revealed that anti-CD25 mAb (PC61) treatment reduced both CD4+CD25+ Tregs and CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in Pc-infected but not in co-infected mice. Co-infection with Hp significantly enhanced Pc-induced TGF-β1 and IL-10 production. In vivo neutralization of TGF-β1 and blocking IL-10R with mAbs significantly reduced parasitemia in both Pc-infected and co-infected B6 mice; anti-IL-10R mAb treatment resulted in severe mortality. These results suggest that Tregs, and possibly immunoregulatory but not Th2 cytokines, contribute to suppression of anti-malarial immunity in nematode and malaria co-infected mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".