Focus on frontier research in China under the perspective of tourism
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tourism is not only considered important to the development of China's frontier areas, but also one of many ways for protecting core national interests. In this paper, the pertinent literature is reviewed. It is concluded that:(1) The research for frontier tourism began after R.W. Bulter aroused attention upon frontier areas.(2) The general attitude among western scholars is that practice was combined closely with research in the limited frontier area studies.During the post- frontier era, scholars from Europe and America concentrated on the study of their own individual borderlands and focused on the tourist demand and transnational economic cooperation because of the fact that they had more territorial frontiers rather than cultural frontiers. On the other hand, scholars from Australia and Canada were more concentrated on how the tourism promotes the local communities' development in peripheral areas away from the center and how it protects cultural diversity under the perspective of generalized frontiers.(3) Borderland tourism studies based on economic perspective dominates in China and frontier tourism studies focused on cultural perspective have surged in recent years. Spreading from borderlands-only to other frontier areas brings the growth of research fields and draws attention to both sides of frontier economy and cultural preservation, which is good for the sustainable tourism development in frontiers and the stability of frontier communities.To sum up, the paper makes an attempt to interpret the subject of China's frontier tourism by defining the connotations and denominations, and proposes that narrowly defined frontier tourism consists of borderland tourism and island tourism, while the generalized frontier tourism refers to ethnic tourism in the areas west of the Heihe- Tengchong line(Hu Huanyong Line). The clear themes of frontier tourism research and clear definition of the concept are good for developing sustainable tourism research that fit Chinese geographic and cultural characteristics. The several important research issues are:(1) The research has been conducted on the coupling processes of the frontier economic development and tourism development in time dimension. The two processes started in the same period in China, compared with the western countries having an independent research process.(2) The research of the population migration is caused by frontier tourism development in the space dimension.(3) One of the subjects in practice level is the understanding of demands for frontier tourism such as the element of Chinese frontier mythologies and characteristics of tourists who are attracted by frontier mythologies.(4) Another subject in the practice level is the management of supply for frontier tourism.(5) Research on the sustainable development of island tourism should be strengthened.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it