Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on H-reflex and spinal spasticity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS; 99 Hz; 250 ms pulses) on H-reflex and spinal spasticity. Considering the reflex hyperexcitability commonly displayed in spinal cord-injured subjects, it was hypothesized that repetitive low threshold afferent stimulation would have an inhibitory effect on the triceps surae H-reflexes which could also be reflected by a decrease in plantarflexor spasticity. Clonus, Achilles tendon reflex and modified Ashworth evaluations were performed on 14 spinal cord-injured subjects prior to and after 30 minutes' application of TENS. Non-parametric statistical analyses (n = 14; alpha = 0.05) failed to reveal significant effects of TENS on H-reflex amplitude. However, there was a significant decrease in scores for the Achilles tendon reflex and the modified Ashworth test. The clonus score decreased in most subjects post-TENS, although not in a statistically significant manner. The present pilot results thus suggest that TENS appears to be effective in reducing spinal spasticity, as measured clinically.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".