Responses of the systemic and local vascular renin‐angiotensin systems to chronic aerobic exercise training in an angiotensin II infusion model of hypertension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. In addition, chronic aerobic exercise training is known to improve vasomotor function in various models of hypertension. Thus, we investigated the responses of components from the systemic and local vascular RAS to chronic exercise training in an angiotensin II (AII) infusion model of hypertension. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were exercised trained (EX) for 6 weeks or restricted to cage‐bound activity (SED). Osmotic mini‐pumps facilitated infusion of AII (0.17mg/day) or vehicle saline (SL) for 3 or 8 days. Plasma AII levels decreased for SED AII‐infused rats (Day 3: 24.41±5.62pg/mL; Day 8: 9.08±4.83pg/mL) compared to SED SL‐infused rats (Day 3: 55.17±0.32pg/mL; Day 8: 55.4±0.55pg/mL) (p<0.01). EX AII‐infused rats showed further lowering of plasma AII levels after 3 days (12.4±3.38pg/mL, p<0.01), but not after 8 days. However, an upregulation of ACE protein (+74%) was observed in the abdominal aorta after 8 days of AII‐infusion compared to SL‐infusion (p<0.05); exercise did not affect this response. MAP increased in SED AII‐infused rats (Day 3: 174±2mmHg; Day 8: 194±6mmHg) compared to SED SL‐infused rats (Day 3: 127±1mmHg; Day 8: 120±3mmHg) (p<0.01). The present study suggests that both AII‐infusion and chronic exercise training affect the systemic and local vascular RAS. Funding: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".