Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concussions are a common and potentially serious injury that affects athletes across multiple sports. More than ever concussions are now at the forefront of sport-related research.\nCurrent research indicates that in a cohort of Canadian junior hockey players examined during the 2009-2010 season showed a rate of concussion at 36.5% of all athletic injuries (Echlin et al., 2010). This rate of concussion injury indicates that proper evaluations and examination tools are key to successful management of concussions. The objective of this study was to determine whether a functional task such as gait initiation is able to quantify stability difference following a concussion. It was hypothesized that the use of a functional task such as gait initiation will provide more sensitive and objective measures of balance control changes. The study used a total of 50 participants (22 males, 28 females) recruited from the Wilfrid Laurier University varsity men’s and women’s soccer, hockey, and basketball teams. Of the 50 participants, 10 represented athletes who had sustained a concussion (CONC) and 40 who had not received a concussion (CONT). Participants were required to stand on a force plate and initiate gait by taking a single step with their dominant foot towards a directional light (i.e., straight ahead or 30 degrees to either the left or right) as quickly as possible.\nResults of the study indicated that CONC experienced significantly greater posterior COP displacement during the loading phase of gait initiation than the CONT. Excessive posterior displacement generated from the loading phase persisted throughout gait initiation and was recapture during the end phase. End phase step length and swing time was significantly increased in the CONC in comparison to the CONT. These results suggest that the CONC group needed excessive posterior COP generation to overcome increased instability that is common during static stance prior to gait initiation (Powers, Kalmar, & Cinelli, 2014). Additionally, increases in step length and swing time are indicative of the central nervous system response needed to arrest COM momentum.\nThe findings from this study demonstrate that gait initiation is a sensitive and meaningful test in detecting individuals who were suspected to have experienced a concussion even after 72 hours post-concussion. Additionally, the study demonstrated that a gait initiation task is an objective measure of functional balance control that may be useful for assessing the recovery progression of an individual following a concussion. Gait initiation may be a good method to demonstrate balance impairments outside 72 hours post-concussion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".