Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This article provides estimates of the percentage of children aged 4 to 7 who witnessed violence at home. Concurrent, short-term (2 years later) and longer-term (4 years later) associations between witnessing violence and overt aggression, indirect aggression, and anxiety are examined. DATA SOURCE: The data are from the cross-sectional and longitudinal components of the first three cycles of Statistics Canada's National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES: The proportion of children who witnessed violence at home was estimated using weighted cross-sectional data from 1998/99. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine concurrent, short-term and longer-term associations between witnessing violence and overt aggression, indirect aggression, and anxiety. MAIN RESULTS: In 1998/99, an estimated 8% of children aged 4 to 7 were reported to have seen violent behaviour at home. Witnessing violence was concurrently associated with overt aggression for both sexes, indirect aggression among boys, and anxiety among girls. Witnessing violence was predictive of overt aggression two and four years later for both sexes. Girls also had high odds of exhibiting indirect aggression in 1996/97 and anxiety in 1998/99; for boys, elevated anxiety was observed in 1996/97.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".