The great auricular nerve: an anatomic and surgical study.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The great auricular nerve (GAN) originates from the cervical plexus at the levels of C2 and C3, supplying sensation to the skin overlying the lower aspect of the pinna and angle of the mandible. The GAN can be injured during many procedures in the head and neck, resulting in a significant negative impact on the patient's quality of life. There are no reliable anatomic studies of GAN in the area where it is most likely to get injured. OBJECTIVE: To determine the GAN relationship to the posterior border of the platysma and the external jugular vein (EJV). METHODS: Patients undergoing neck dissections were included in the study. Measurements were taken between the posterior border of the platysma relative to the nearest edge of the EJV and the GAN. The distance between the GAN and the EJV was also noted. RESULTS: The posterior borders of the platysma and EJV are found, on average, 0.08 cm away from each other, and the free edge of the platysma was most often posterior to the EJV. The distance from the platysma to the GAN was, on average, 0.60 cm. The distance between the EJV and the GAN was 1.17 cm. CONCLUSION: We have added a safe, reliable, and surgically relevant technique to the head and neck surgeon's armamentarium for identifying the GAN and avoiding attendant injury with long-term debilitating neurologic sequelae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".