Choline‐related supplements improve altered abnormal plasma methionine‐homocysteine and glutathione status in children with Cystic Fibrosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liver triglyceride accumulation is common in cystic fibrosis (CF), results in oxidative stress and is a characteristic feature of choline deficiency due to lack of choline for phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis via the CDP‐choline. PC is formed from phosphatidylethanolamine using methyl groups from methionine via S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) with generation of S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). Previously we showed increased PC excretion, and increased plasma homocysteine and SAH, and decreased SAM/SAH in children with CF. In these studies we determined the relation between choline and methionine‐homocysteine in children with CF supplemented with lecithin, 2g/d, n=13, choline, 2g/d n=10 or betaine 3g/d n=10 for 14 days. Plasma thiols and phospholipids were determined before and after supplementation, and in children without CF, n=15. Children with CF had significantly higher plasma homocysteine and SAH and lower methionine and SAM/ SAH and GSH/GSSG ratios than children without CF, P <0.05. Plasma methionine, SAM/SAH and GSH/GSSG ratios were significantly increased by supplementation with lecithin, choline and betaine, n=35. All the supplements increased the SAM/SAH, supplementation with choline increased GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio. We show that dietary supplementation aimed at increasing choline status improves altered thiol metabolism and may reduce oxidant stress in children with cystic fibrosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".