Старообрядчество на страницах православных периодических изданий середины XIX начала ХХ в
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The middle of the 19th − beginning of the 20th centuries was the time of comprehension by historical science and public thought that the Old Belief requires most attentive studying. Therefore the given period became the time of the most multilateral and detailed scientific research of the Old Belief. The leading part in distribution of scientific knowledge about the Old Belief among readers belongs to ecclesiastic periodicals. The edition of church periodicals dates back to the first quarter of the 19th century. In 1821 the Metropolitan of St.-Petersburg and Novgorod Grigory (Postnikov) founded one of the spiritual journals, first in the country, − The Christian Reading, at St.-Petersburg Ecclesiastic Academy, thus starting official ecclesiastic journalism. Ecclesiastic journals, comprising both journalistic and art works, serious scientific researches, became an appreciable phenomenon in religious education in Russia. Wellknown church figures occupied the posts of editors of orthodox journals at that time. The church periodical press was popular with the reading public. Therefore, it is very important to define the role, the place, the value and the specificity of church periodicals in the Old Belief research. In the list of the orthodox periodicals containing scientific researches of the church split, were journals of general orientation: The Theological Bulletin (Sergiev Posad), The Christian Reading (St.-Petersburg), The Church Bulletin (St.-Petersburg), The Wanderer (St.Petersburg), The Ecclesiastic Reading (Moscow), The Instruction for Rural Pastors (Kiev); and those specialising directly on the split studying: The Brotherly Word (Moscow), The Orthodox Interlocutor (Kazan), The Orthodox Review (Moscow). Publishing materials on the split history, ecclesiastic journals kept the readers informed about modern events in the life of Old Believers; publication and distribution of proceedings of historians and theologians; some literary monuments of the Old Russian; spiritual poetry and prose. Missionary conversations with Old Believers, proceedings of Synod historians were published. Publishing houses of journals were engaged in the publication and distribution of books about the Old Belief. They were sent to ecclesiastic brotherhoods, consistories, private persons. The monuments of the Old Believers' book learning were also published. Thus, church journals, publishing proceedings of Synod researchers, making and printing lists of the new literature, being engaged in distribution of books, left an appreciable trace in distribution of scientific knowledge about the Old Belief, having transferred it from ecclesiastic academies directly to the reader. Orthodox periodicals left an outstanding trace in distribution of scientific knowledge, increase of cultural level of the reading audience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.044 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".