Bibliographic record
Abstract
The original Four Bears Bridge was completed in 1934 and located on native grounds of the Three Affiliated Tribes. Following severe flooding in 1943, Congress directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to investigate flood control measures for the Missouri River. The approved plan included the construction of Garrison Dam, which would flood hundreds of acres on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation to create Lake Sakakawea. The 1,425-foot continuous through truss main span of the original bridge was moved to its current location when the tribes were resettled, providing a spiritual connection to tribal ancestors. By the 1990s, the bridge was classified as substandard in both roadway width and safety features. In 1993, the North Dakota Department of Transportation (NDDOT) undertook an engineering feasibility study to evaluate the possibility of widening the bridge to accommodate current and future traffic demands. The outcome dictated that the narrow bridge should be replaced, based on load capacity, lifespan of a new span, and economic factors. A second 1999 NDDOT study was conducted to evaluate bridge types for replacement. Truss, arch, cable stay, and box girder designs were considered. The NDDOT determined that a box girder design would be most appropriate, in concrete and steel. A subsequent environmental assessment approved locating the bridge 100 feet north of the existing bridge, minimizing roadway changes and allowing the old bridge to remain in service. This article provides an overview of the design and construction of the new Four Bears Bridge, which began in 2003 and opened for traffic in September 2005.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".