Assessment of promoter function and enhancing disease resistance in transgenic carrot (Daucus carota L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Genetic engineering is a promising strategy for creating agriculturally significant resistance in carrot.Several different transgenic strategies, in addition to conducting a detailed quantification of commonly used promoters to achieve disease resistance were investigated.Tissue-specific patterns and levels of protein expression were characterized in transgenic carrot plants transformed with the β-glucuronidase gene driven by five promoters: Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S, double 35S (D35S), Arabidopsis ubiquitin (UBQ3), mannopine synthase (mas2) or rooting loci promoter (rolD).UBQ3 promoter provided the highest levels of expression in roots, while D35S and 35S promoters had high expression in leaves.rolD and Mas2 promoters had enhanced root expression; however levels were much lower compared to the constitutive promoters, which were subsequently used in this research.Genes encoding a rice peroxidase (POC1), wheat chitinase (383) and β1, 3-glucanase (638) were introduced into carrot.Lines expressing 638 alone had no enhanced resistance to B. cinerea or S. sclerotiorum, while 383 lines reduced disease symptoms by up to 40%.When 638 and 383 were co-expressed resistance levels were similar to 383 alone.High levels of disease resistance were seen in lines expressing POC1 with 70-90% reduction in symptoms to B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum.POC1 lines had 20-30% increases in lignin levels in petioles and roots, which was enhanced with pathogen challenge.Several iv defence genes exhibited strong induction in POC1 expressing plants when induced with fungal cell wall elicitor.Additionally, POC1 lines had reduced H 2 O 2 accumulation during oxidative burst response.POC1 derived resistance was effective towards necrotrophic pathogens.Over-expression of Arabidopsis Nonexpressor of Pathogenesis Related protein 1 was studied in carrot, with two independent lines successfully generated and analyzed.There was no detectable activation of the systemic acquire resistance (SAR) pathways in the absence of pathogens, however, the lines exhibited more intense and longer lasting activation of SAR when elicited with fungal cell walls or Salicylic acid.Both lines were highly resistant against biotrophic and necrotrophic foliar pathogens and the roots were resistant towards A. radicina, indicating broad-spectrum disease resistance.The results from this study demonstrate the feasibility of engineering disease resistance in carrot using several different approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".