Nadja Milewski, Fertility of Immigrants: A Two-Generational Approach in Germany. Heidelburg: Springer, 2010, 197 pp. $139.00 hardcover (978-3642037047)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
T he changing pattern of fertility behaviour among immigrant women has become an important concern for immigrant receiving countries in general and for Germany in particular because of their ongoing belowreplacement levels of fertility (i.e., less than 2.1 children per woman).Milewski (2010) thus appropriately takes Germany as an ideal setting for studying fertility behaviour of immigrants and their second generation descendants (hereafter simply second generation).The main focus of Milewski's monograph is to examine the changing patterns of fertility behaviour among immigrants and their descendants in Germany.The monograph has five chapters followed by an appendix and references.In Chapter 1, the author provides a detailed history of Germany's immigration experience as well as the sociodemographic structure of the foreign born.She clearly identifies gaps in the literature on fertility of immigrants through a careful review of a wide range of empirical research conducted across different countries.Chapter 2 of the book considers five major hypotheses to explain the fertility behaviour of immigrants: disruption, interrelations of events, socialization, adaptation, and selection.The disruption hypothesis stipulates that migration has a depressive impact on fertility of migrants because of the time needed to adjust socially and economically to the host society; the interrelation of events hypothesis posits that immigrant fertility increases after migration because of various interrelated events that often take place more or less simultaneously, such as marriage and migration.The adaptation hypothesis asserts that the socioeconomic conditions and the cultural values and norms regarding reproductive behaviour in the host society facilitate the convergence of immigrant fertility with that of the native-born population over time.The socialization hypothesis posits that immigrant fertility will remain at the same level at the place of destination as that of their country of origin because of socialization and its long-term impact on behaviour.Finally, the selection hypothesis predicts that immigrants will have levels of fertility similar to that of native born at the place of destination because of selection effects that make immigrants different from others in the population at place of origin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".