Role of Interleukin-11 in Osteolytic Bone Metastasis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that belongs to the IL-6 family of cytokines (1). Other cytokines belonging to this family include oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), cardiotrophin (CT)-1, and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). All members of this cytokine family have their own unique α-chain receptors, which, when occupied, initiate signal transduction via the recruitment and subsequent homodimerization or heterodimerization of membrane-associated glycoprotein (gp) 130 (2). Members of this cytokine family, therefore, often share overlapping biological activities and have multiple effects on both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell populations (2). For example, IL-11 has been shown to synergize with a number of growth factors to enhance megakaryocytopoiesis (3–5) and erythropoiesis in vivo (6–8) and to enhance both platelet and neutrophil recovery following sublethal irradiation (9). In addition, IL-11 has been shown to stimulate the production of acute-phase reactants and to act as an effective inhibitor of adipogenesis (10–14). Finally, IL-11 is secreted by both bone marrow stromal cells and mature osteoblasts, and is known to function as a potent stimulator of both osteoclast formation and activity (15–17). As a result, IL-11 is thought to play a role in such diverse pathologies as heparin-induced osteoporosis (18), postmenopausal bone loss (19), and, as reviewed in this chapter, osteolytic bone metastasis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".