Nitric oxide potentiates C-Fos mRNA expression after 2/3 partial hepatectomy.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
METHODS: Rats underwent PHX, PHX + S-nitroso-Nacetylpenicillamine (SNAP, a NO donor), or sham procedures. SNAP or saline was administered, and PHX or sham procedures performed. Fifteen minutes later, the remaining liver was removed and immediately frozen. Total RNA was extracted and separated by gel electrophoresis. C-Fos mRNA was identified using a P-labeled cDNA probe, detected by densitometry and results were analyzed by ANOVA. The ability of the liver to regenerate has been studied for over 100 years, and yet the trigger of the liver regeneration cascade is unknown. Several potential triggers have been identified, including growth factors and cytokines such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [1]. However, production of these growth factors and cytokines is not an immediate event following partial hepatectomy (PHX). One event that is immediate is a hemodynamic change, and recent experiments in our laboratory support the hypothesis that the hemodynamic change following 2/3 partial hepatectomy results in shear stress and the release of nitric oxide (NO), which triggers the liver regeneration cascade [2,3]. Because the liver does not control portal venous blood flow, and must accept all outflow from splanchnic organs such as the intestines, stomach, spleen and pancreas, removal of 2/3 of the liver tissue causes a 3fold increase in the blood flow-to-liver mass ratio in the remaining 1/3 of the liver tissue [4]. Also, the portal venous pressure (PVP) increases after PHX [5,3], and remains elevated until restoration of liver mass [5]. This is important, because Macedo and Lautt [6] showed that PVP could be used as an index for shear stress in the liver. Thus, the increase in PVP after PHX indicates an elevation in shear stress in the liver. 0 1 2 3 sham PHX PHX+SNAP
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".