The proximal segments of the cytosolic C1 domain of adenylyl cyclase 6 localize to plasma membrane lipid rafts and caveolae
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lipid rafts, rich in cholesterol and sphingolipids, display a high concentration of signaling proteins such as receptors, G‐proteins, and effectors molecules including certain isoforms of adenylyl cyclases (AC). The mechanism by which AC6 is localized to lipid rafts or caveolae is unknown, but previous work indicates a role for the C1 domain. In this study, we constructed recombinant proteins that comprise the four segments of the C1 domain of human AC6. The proteins correspond to amino acids 306–387, 388–490, 491–589 and 590–692 of human AC6. We transfected each protein in cos‐7 cells, which express caveolin‐1, and assessed their localization via a fused GFP. Lipid rafts and caveolae were isolated from plasma membrane using a detergent‐based fractionation method and fractions were analyzed by immunoblotting. We also used co‐immunoprecipitation and immunoflurescence microscopy to identify the subcellular targeting to each expressed C1 domain fragment. We found that only proteins 306 and 388 were associated with lipid rafts, suggesting that these portions of AC6 play a role in its localization. Thus, certain structural elements responsible for AC6 localization in lipid rafts and caveolae appear to be contained in the proximal portion of the C1 domain. Supported AHA grant 0555291B.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".