A preliminary report of sulfuryl fluoride and methyl bromide fumigation of flour mills.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a result of the Montreal Protocol, methyl bromide (MB), a major fumigant for the food industry, is facing a mandatory 100 percent production and import phase out. Millers, food processors and fumigators are looking for replacements. Sulfuryl fluoride (SF) is one replacement strategy that was recently labeled for the food market. This presentation summarizes research that is underway to compare the effectiveness of SF and MB under real world conditions. Since 2005 two SF and two MB fumigations have been completed in four different flour mills. Additional fumigations are currently underway in 2006 and will be included in the final presentation. All life stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) of two major pest species, Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (L) and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) were used in bioassays exposed during fumigations. Insect monitoring (moth flight and beetle dome traps) was conducted before and after the fumigations to determine the existing pests population and rebound rates. Current results indicate 100 % mortality of larval and adult stages of both species for both fumigants. In addition, SF had 100 % mortality of the pupal stage, but low initial survivorship of the egg stage. The majority (99.3 %) of RFB larvae from treated eggs died before the adult stage. MB had 100 % mortality of IMM pupae and RFB eggs but extremely low RFB pupal survivorship (0.4 %) in one facility and 95.4 % mortality of IMM eggs in the other. Key words: methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride, red flour beetle, Indianmeal moth, fumigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".