Effects of porosity on seismic velocities, elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios of solid materials and rocks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The generalized mixture rule (GMR) is used to provide a unified framework for describing Young's ( E ), shear ( G ) and bulk ( K ) moduli, Lame parameter ( λ ), and P- and S-wave velocities ( V p and V s ) as a function of porosity in various isotropic materials such as metals, ceramics and rocks. The characteristic J values of the GMR for E , G , K and λ of each material are systematically different and display consistent correlations with the Poisson's ratio of the nonporous material ( ν 0 ). For the materials dominated by corner-shaped pores, the fixed point at which the effective Poisson's ratio ( ν ) remains constant is at ν 0 = 0.2, and J ( G ) > J ( E ) > J ( K ) > J ( λ ) and J ( G ) < J ( E ) < J ( K ) < J ( λ ) for materials with ν 0 > 0.2 and ν 0 < 0.2, respectively. J ( V s ) > J ( V p ) and J ( V s ) < J ( V p ) for the materials with ν 0 > 0.2 and ν 0 < 0.2, respectively. The effective ν increases, decreases and remains unchanged with increasing porosity for the materials with ν 0 < 0.2, ν 0 > 0.2 and ν 0 = 0.2, respectively. For natural rocks containing thin-disk-shaped pores parallel to mineral cleavages, grain boundaries and foliation, however, the ν fixed point decreases nonlinearly with decreasing pore aspect ratio ( α : width/length). With increasing depth or pressure, cracks with smaller α values are progressively closed, making the ν fixed point rise and finally reach to the point at ν 0 = 0.2.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".