The influence of empirically derived dietary patterns on cognitive function in independent older adults depends on income and education: The NuAge Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study prospectively examined the relationships between global cognitive function (Modified Mini‐Mental State examination; 3MS) and dietary patterns derived from a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire by principal components analysis. Relationships were examined using linear mixed models in 1266 independent senior citizens assessed annually over 4 years. After adjustment for health and socioeconomic variables, higher adherence to a ‘prudent’ diet pattern associated with better overall 3MS performance (P=0.046) while greater adherence to a ‘Western’ diet pattern associated with poorer overall 3MS performance (P=0.018). Nevertheless, diet patterns interacted with either household income (P<0.01) or education (P<0.01) in fully adjusted models. Specifically, income was related to rate of cognitive decline only in participants with below median prudent pattern score (P=0.015) such that higher income protected against 3MS decline from baseline in this group. The negative impact of Western pattern score on overall 3MS performance was apparent in participants with below median education (P<0.01), but absent in those with above median education. These results are consistent with cognitive reserve theory, and its proposed impact on cognitive performance in the elderly, suggesting that the influence of diet on cognition should be considered in this context. (CIHR) Grant Funding Source : CIHR
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".