The UN Convention as a Basis for Elaborating Rights of Children In Sport
Bibliographic record
Abstract
More and more, our society is focussing attention on children and youth. Today, there is an increasing number of child related initiatives such as children's news bulletins on television, children's hairdressers, and child friendly holidays. During the 20th century, there has been an evolution from children and youth as an object of protection to a focus on child and youth culture. A central contribution to this evolution has been the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. This legal instrument was the product of 10 years of negotiation among government delegations, intergovernmental organizations, and non-governmental organizations (NGO's) from every part of the world (Johnson, 1992). The Convention was adopted unanimously by the UN General Assembly on November 20th, 1989, exactly 30 years after the adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child, and 10 years after the International Year of the Child (Verhellen, 1994). When the Convention entered into force on September 2nd, 1990, more than three quarters of UN member states ratified it. Today, 191 States have ratified this international human rights treaty, with the exception of the United States of America and Somalia (David, 1999a).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.024 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.019 | 0.021 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".