Expression of the cell cycle regulator E2F6 during cardiac development and left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the permanent cell cycle arrest of cardiomyocytes shortly after birth are incompletely understood, but likely involve alterations in expression of E2F‐responsive genes. E2F6 is a repressor of E2F‐responsive genes, and we observed high expression in the heart. To explore its function in cardiac growth, we studied E2F6 expression during normal cardiac development and left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). LV tissue was collected from rats at different stages of fetal and postnatal development. Expression of E2F6 and of the transcription factors E2F1 and 3 was assessed using real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis. MI was induced by coronary artery ligation and LV tissue remote from the scar was collected 3 months post MI. Expression of E2F6 markedly increased during postnatal development while the expression of E2F3 and E2F1 was reduced in adults. Inducing quiescence in fetal cardiomyoblasts caused an upregulation of E2F6 protein (255±25%, P <0.05). After MI, E2F6 mRNA and protein decreased by ~25% in non‐infarcted LV (both p<0.05 versus sham) in an infarct‐size dependent manner. Expression of E2F1 and 3 did not change after MI. In conclusion, E2F6 upregulation coincides with cell cycle arrest of cardiomyocytes. Remarkably, E2F6 was downregulated in non‐infarcted LV post‐MI, suggesting a role in cardiac cell growth and remodeling. Supported by an HSFO grant .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".