Adhesion of Exogenous Human Microglia and THP-1 Cells to Amyloid Plaques of Postmortem Alzheimer's Disease Brain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microglial phagocytosis of amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposits is involved in Abeta clearance in vivo. To explore the ability of microglia to phagocytose beta, we cultured human microglia or human monocytic THP-1 cells directly on unfixed frontal cortex sections of an Alzheimer disease (AD) case. We found that when these cells were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon (IFN)-gamma, they developed ameboid morphology and formed clusters around and attaching to amyloid plaques in the tissue. Some cells adhering to these plaques internalized Abeta and some appeared to be degraded. Nevertheless, no significant reduction of the overall Abeta burden was observed. If the cells were not stimulated, they adhered poorly to the sections. We quantified THP-1 cell adhesion to an AD brain section compared with a normal brain section and found it to be significantly increased. If a brain section was rinsed with phosphate buffered saline containing 0.1% Triton X-100, most LPS/IFN-gamma-activated THP-1 cells failed to adhere. However, in co-culture with human astrocytes, the number of adherent THP-1 cells was significantly increased. These results suggest that human microglial cells are capable of adhering to and phagocytosing post mortem AD plaque material but activation may be necessary. Astrocytes may further enhance the process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".