Status of Goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis (Ranunculaceae), in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although found throughout a large area of eastern North America south of the Great Lakes, the perennial woodland herb, Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.), was apparently only abundant in the central portion of its range in Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, and northern Kentucky.In Canada, it is resticted to southwestern Ontario where 26 native populations have been reported representing the northern limit of its range.During a 1998 field survey, 21 populations were located, two were not surveyed, and the remaining three could not be found and are assumed extirpated.Attempts to discover additional populations with newly acquired ecological data failed suggesting that there are relatively few overlooked populations.Despite recent and rapid increase in the popularity of Goldenseal as an herbal remedy, there appears to have been little if any decline in Ontario populations since it was officially listed as threatened in 1991.Increasing use of the plant has increased the potential threat to Canadian populations and the actual global threat has also increased.Goldenseal generally occurs in isolated patches in slightly acid or neutral soil in rich mesic woodlands, often where disturbances such as tree removal or flooding have occurred.Restriction to isolated patches may be a consequence of loss of disturbance of the type caused by severe flooding of bottomland forests, fires, and impacts of extinct and extirpated fauna.Current research is aimed at understanding the limitations to its spread which may enable populations to be increased and facilitate development of a Canadian agricultural crop thus reducing pressure on natural populations.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".