Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: from CFTR dysfunction to oxidative stress.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) represents the most common lethal autosomal recessive disorder in the Caucasian population. It is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, resulting in abnormal Na(+) and Cl(-) transport in several tissues. Its main clinical manifestations include bronchopulmonary infections along with gastrointestinal and nutritional disorders. Intense and recurrent inflammation ultimately leads to an overabundance of activated neutrophils and macrophages that contribute to free radical generation. Furthermore, CFTR defects directly affect glutathione transport and homeostasis, while intestinal fat malabsorption limits uptake of endogenous antioxidant vitamins. Collectively, these abnormal events disturb the balance between pro- and anti-oxidants and promote oxidative stress, which may play a significant role in CF-related diabetes (CFRD), a severe complication associated with a drastic increase of morbidity and mortality. This review will focus on the involvement of oxidative stress in CF pathology, especially its role in the occurrence of CFRD. The multiple abnormalities in the oxidant/antioxidant balance could be a potential target for a new therapeutic approach.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".