Characteristics of an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Butterfly-Shaped Monopole Antenna
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Communications Commission (FCC) has allocated a bandwidth of 7.5 GHz between 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz for commercial UWB communication systems. In this emerging technology, the antenna design is a challenge. Like conventional antenna design, the return loss has to remain higher than 10 dB over the frequency range of operation. For a UWB antenna, the radiation properties should be reasonably satisfactory over the bandwidth. For example, omni-directional radiation patterns are required for indoor and vehicular applications. For a more complete pattern analysis, the total field which includes the co-and cross-polarizations of the radiation should be taken into account. The time domain performance such as the group delay and impulse response should also be examined Recently, several monopoles have been proposed for various UWB applications. These antennas make use of different structures to meet the requirements of return loss and radiation pattern. A monopole comprised of a square planar structure positioned perpendicular to the ground plane has been proposed, where bevelling or a shorting post is used to optimize and achieve a broad impedance bandwidth A biarm rolled monopole (Chen, 2005) which is constructed by rolling a planar monopole has shown that it is capable of achieving broadband and omni-directional radiation characteristics within the UWB band. The UWB antenna in The optimized design is able to achieve an 8.5 : 1 frequency bandwidth for the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2.2. Its radiation patterns are relatively consistent within the frequency band. In another design Its impedance bandwidth covers the UWB frequency band and the radiation patterns are nearly omni-directional. The antenna geometry in This antenna has band-notched characteristics, which meet the input impedance requirement of the UWB band while avoiding interference www.intechopen.com
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".