Bibliographic record
Abstract
As we have seen, I give an outline of the main provisions of UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications on Int'l Contracts and notable points on its application in practice, which already adopted, at sixtieth session of the General Assembly. The conclusions are as follows: As comments of the Chinese Government on the Draft Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in Int'l Contracts, UN Electronic Convention avoided, to the extent possible, interference of the domestic laws of a Contracting State, maintains the principle of party autonomy, does not deal with substantive subject of contact laws, like as the validity of contact and liabilities of concerned parties and also provisions of regulatory nature, avoids a dual regimes of contract law in same trade dealing with only special issues regarding to the use of electronic communications on the formation and performance of a contract. It also retains the principles of functional equivalence between paper form and electronic form and technological neutrality. Therefore, it is a stand-alone instrument regarding to legal recognition on electronic communications and can contribute to remove the legal obstacles to use of electronic communications exchanged under other int'l conventions. But in the view of point from article 1, 19, 20, the convention give an excessively broad scope of application, which was unusual in int'l trade related instruments. So participation of the convention from a number of state might not be expected in consideration of strong disagreeing of singapore, Canada, France, China regarding to, in particularly, form requirements. When the parties trade with the country, in particularly, like a Russia, they can meet its form requirement through the principle of party autonomy and then have to seek their own safety in the facilitation of convention because it was submitted that unrestricted party autonomy could undermine the entire convention and could permit parties to derogate from mandatory national laws. The electronic convention definitely is a stand-alone instrument but when it is used in connection with the UNCITRAL instruments listed in article 20, paragraph 1, as far as electronic communications exchanged under the existing int'l conventions, it can do duty as, for example, e-CISG but if its use separates from them, it can not be maintained relationship with them like as relationship between e-UCP and UCP.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.059 | 0.037 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".