Study of the Cathode–Electrolyte Interface of LiMn[sub 1.5]Ni[sub 0.5]O[sub 4] Synthesized by a Sol–Gel Method for Li-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High voltage spinel has been synthesized by a modified Pechini sol–gel method and has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical methods. The synthesized materials are porous structures of nanosized crystallites ranging in size from 21 to over 400 nm depending on the sintering temperature used. The XRD patterns of the materials were assigned to the disordered spinel structure of the space group . The Li-ion batteries assembled using the synthesized cathode materials showed significant capacity fade for samples sintered at , while for those sintered at the capacity fade was low. Impedance spectroscopy, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to determine the compositions of the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). Impedance spectroscopy confirmed the spontaneous formation of the CEI on and that its thickness grows on cycling. After more than 100 cycles, it is found that the CEI film is composed of polycarbonates, polyether, LiF, and salts. The composition of the organic layer was the same regardless of the capacity fade.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".