Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fatigue is a significant problem that affects over 50% of patients with the autoimmune liver disease Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC). To understand the biological basis of fatigue in PBC and to develop effective interventions, it is important that fatigue can be quantified accurately and reliably in PBC. Patient reports emphasise a perception that they experience "good days and bad days" suggesting the possibility of interday variability. The issue of variability in perception of fatigue during the course of the day has never been addressed. In this study we set out to address intra-and inter-day variability in fatigue perception in PBC to further inform the design of studies involving fatigue quantification in PBC and to help us to advise patients with regard to coping strategies. Sixteen female PBC patients and a fatigued control group of 25 CFS/ME (defined using Fukuda criteria) completed fatigue diaries. Subjects rated their fatigue on a scale of 0 (no fatigue) to 10 (severe fatigue) 4 times a day, each day for 5 weeks. In both PBC and CFS/ME there was no significant difference in perceived fatigue from week to week, or day to day. There were also no differences between week days and weekends or in the variability within days when considered between days. In PBC there was however a progressive and significant increase in perceived fatigue through each day, with mean SD fatigue scores of 3.2 2 at breakfast increasing to 5.5 2 at bedtime (p<0.001). This was in contrast to the CFS/ME population where fatigue was high in the morning (6.4 2) lower at lunchtime (p<0.05), then increasing to 7 2 at bedtime. Fatigue appears to be lowest in the morning in PBC increasing through the day which differs from the pattern seen in CFS/ME. This suggests that the biological mechanisms in the two fatigue associated diseases may be different. Furthermore, when assessing fatigue, it is important that this variability is considered and therefore assessment tools must be completed at a standardized time of day in PBC. Advising patients to plan their days, with a focus on performing activities in the morning if possible may help them to manage their symptoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".