In Situ X-Ray Study of the Electrochemical Reaction of Li with ηʹ-Cu[sub 6]Sn[sub 5]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The electrochemical reaction of lithium with crystalline intermetallic has been studied by means of in situ X‐ray diffraction. The reaction of Li with proceeds in two distinct steps. A first discharge plateau at approximately 0.4 V vs. Li is attributed to the coexistence of and a ternary phase. Upon further reaction coexists with a Li‐rich tin phase and metallic Cu at a potential below 0.1 V. During the charge, the initial intermetallic is reformed in a multistep reaction. First, some Li can be removed from making with the same structure. As Li is removed from it reacts with the available Cu to make . Then, lithium can be removed from , making vacancies in the structure to form . When x in reaches about 1, the removal of further lithium results in the formation of a second phase, . The 0.8 V plateau during the charge of cells is associated with this coexistence of and . The in situ experiments show that both the and the phases can exhibit a range of Li stoichiometries, especially as Li is removed from their structures. When cells are charged and discharged above the lower plateau, to prevent the continual expulsion and reincorporation of Cu from the cathode grains, better cycling is obtained than when cycling includes the lower plateau where metallic copper is formed. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".