Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chad Bryant in Black: Nazi Rule and Czech Nationalism. Cambridge, Mass.,: Harvard University Press, 2007. xv, 378 pp. Illustrations. Maps. Notes. Index. $49.95, cloth.In this important book, Chad Bryant narrates a history of Czech experiences in the Nazioccupied Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia during World War II with the goal of explaining how those experiences contributed to the expulsion of three million from postwar Czechoslovakia. While readers will not find in it a local history of as the title suggests (the title comes from Jaroslav Seifert's poem Prague in Black [p. 369]), they will gain productive new avenues for thinking about how the Nazi occupation helped make the formerly multi-ethnic Bohemian lands almost purely Czech and set the stage for communist social leveling and dirigisme.Bryant's discussion of Nazi in the Protectorate is fascinating. Germanization policies there were never dictated by hard-and-fast theory or a plan that was fully formed in 1939. Instead of calling for the total elimination of all Czechs and their complete replacement with German settlers, Germanization sought to identify and change those Czechs who could be German. Bryant proves this policy evolved from pragmatic contingencies, including wartime economic and demographic realities, and interagency rivalries among Reich and Protectorate state actors. Karl Valentin MOller's revised theory gave ideological legitimacy to Nazi plans to make Czechs German. This German anthropology professor in overturned the argument that racial mixing brings decline, concluding that mixing made Czechs potential Germans (pp. 117-119).When discussing the brutal rule of Reinhard Heydrich from September 1940 until his assassination in May 1941, Bryant very insightfully contrasts Heydrich's ruthlessly implemented plans to kill all the Protectorate's Jews and Roma and his treatment of nonJewish Czechs, half of whom he wanted saved for Germanization. Heydrich started to prepare to make Czechs German by examining the Germanizability of individual Czechs. Among the book's many well-selected photos are two of test reports from a mixed Czech-German couple's marriage application (pp- 164-165). These photos show that the tests included physical examinations of posture, cranial shape, and hair and eye colour. Bryant points out, however, that [...] often it was non-physical characteristics that betrayed a German interior camouflaged in false Czech consciousness. Clean houses, spinning wheels, class, virility, sexual morality, and social behavior were criteria for membership (p. 159). After Heydrich's assassination, thousands of Czechs were executed and the village of Lidice was destroyed as retribution and an obedience lesson.Bryant seeks to understand the causal relationship between Nazi policies in the Protectorate and the postwar expulsions of millions of from restored Czechoslovakia. Members of UVOD (Central Leadership of Home Resistance [Ustfedni vedeni odbjoe domaciho]) first, and most fiercely called for total expulsion (p. 97). UVOD was formed in 1940 from the remnants of non-Communist resistance groups. It operated in the Protectorate, but kept close ties with the government-in-exile in London of former Czechoslovak President, Edvard BeneS. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".