Use and production of solid sawn timbers in the United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glued splice joints containing oriented strandboard (OSB) and lumber members were tested in tension in an attempt to develop joint reduction factors for OSB-to-OSB and OSB-to-lumber glued splice joints. OSB panels of two thicknesses were obtained from two manufacturers. Lumber was dry, dressed eastern Canadian spruce dimension lumber. The glue used was a resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesive, which meets the Canadian requirements for manufacturing structural wood products. In total, 360 single-splice joints, 450 double-splice joints, and 60 unjointed specimens were tested in tension. For OSB-to-OSB joints made with the thicker panels, the strength reduction is larger than those made with the thinner panels for the same splice length. However, for single-splice joints containing lumber as the main member, the greater lumber stiffness compared with OSB leads to smaller joint strength reduction because of the smaller bending deformation in the joint. Based on the test results, it is noted that at the mean strength level, a zero strength reduction is possible for some double-splice joints. However, a conservative reduction factor that varies between 0.65 to 0.9 for double-splice joints and 0.4 to 0.75 for single-splice joints was proposed for design use. These values have been adopted for structural design purposes in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".