Vasodilators of active hyperaemia effect one another’s action: potassium attenuates the vasodilation produced by nitric oxide and adenosine (677.15)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Potassium (K + ), nitric oxide (NO) and adenosine (ADO) are present contemporaneously during active hyperaemia, thus, we sought to test if interactions occur between these vasodilators. Using intravital microscopy of the hamster cremaster in situ , we assessed arteriolar diameter response to the presence of dilators added in succession or simultaneously. In succession experiments a dose response (10 ‐8 –10 ‐4 M) of NO donor, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) was preformed and repeated after 5‐minute pre‐exposure and continuous presence of 10mM KCl. Separately, a dose response of KCl (10 and 20mM) was preformed and repeated after 5‐minute pre‐exposure and continuous presence of 10 ‐7 M SNAP. A similar protocol was used using the remaining combinations of KCl, ADO and SNAP. In simultaneous experiments 10 ‐7 M SNAP and ADO were applied independently, then each were simultaneously applied with 10mM KCl. In succession experiments KCl attenuated the dilatory response of both ADO and SNAP at all concentrations (average decreases of 43.2±9.7% and 39.8±11.7%, respectively). In simultaneous experiments KCl reduced the dilatory response of SNAP and ADO (by 69.1±3.7% and 75.1±7.1%, respectively), KCl‐induced attenuation occurred after 5 and 7 minutes for SNAP and ADO, respectively . Therefore, K + reduces dilatory action of ADO and NO implying dilators released during active hyperaemia interact. Grant Funding Source : Supported by NSERC Canada
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".