Old and Difficult Grievances: Examining the Relationship Between the Métis and the Crown
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The inclusion of section 35 in the Constitution Act, 1982 was intended to address the old and difficult grievances of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada. In particular, it was meant to fundamentally change the relationship between Aboriginal peoples and the Crown. Since 1982, the Supreme Court of Canada has, in a series of more than 35 cases, set out the principles governing the relationship between the Aboriginal peoples of Canada and the Crown. In R. v. Powley, the Court applied those principles to the Métis. The paper examines the historical relationship between the Crown and the Métis and in particular looks to what has been happening post-Powley. Historically, the difficulty has always been that the Crown deals with the Métis as individuals and has refused to deal with the m as a people. In the contemporary context the issue is how the Crown is to implement a relationship with a people it has long denied and no longer knows. The paper looks to the issues of consultation and accommodation and how these can be carried out for the Métis. The conclusion of this paper is that despite 1982, more than 20 years of Supreme Court of Canada rulings and Powley, the Crown continues to ignore Métis collectives with the result that there is little to no progress in the reconciliation of the old and difficult grievances of the Métis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".