Acceleration effects on pupil size with control of mental and environmental factors.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Using still photography and cinematography, early studies reported that pupils dilate immediately on exposure to acceleration and the dilation persists during sustained +Gz. Due to the lack of control for mental and environmental factors and poor sampling rate in early techniques, we re-examined the effects of increased acceleration on pupil size in the human centrifuge. METHODS: Eight volunteers were dark adapted for 20 min by fixating on a 2.5 mm LED disk, 1 m away in otherwise complete darkness. Pupil diameters and horizontal and vertical eye movements were recorded binocularly in real time using an eye-tracking and pupillometry system. The recording sequence consisted of 1 min at +1 Gz, followed by transition to +3 Gz at 0.1 G x s(-1) 2 min at sustained +3 Gz, return to +1 Gz at 1 G x s(-1), and finally maintained at +1 Gz for another minute. During this sequence, the subject's heart rate was also monitored and the subject was instructed to subtract 2 from 1000 to maintain mental alertness. RESULTS: All subjects showed a significant decrease in pupil diameter (p < 0.05) and increase in heart rate (p = 0.02) during +3 Gz and regained the baseline level on sustained acceleration ranged from 0.6 to 3.3 mm. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that pupils constrict during hypergravity. It appears that the reflex regulation of pupil size is attributed to parasympathetic action through fibers originating in Edinger-Westphal's nucleus in the mesencephalon, which receives direct input from the otoliths.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".