Revisioning the "Culture of Nature" in Canadian Visual Culture Studies: John Russell and An/Other Case of Modern Art
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
67 This essay looks at how the of continues to haunt the historiography of Canadian visual culture studies and draws on a case study from the 1930s in order to complicate that his- tory. Normalized through selective practices of artists, critics, and collectors from the 1920s to the 1940s in English Canada, the painting of Canadian landscape was codified through the elision of nationhood with wilderness painting in the well-known work of the Group of Seven and many of their peers. One of those peers, John Wentworth Russell, painted Canadian landscapes with a near oppositional vision. This case study examines how Russell's work overtly contradicts the practice of the Group of Seven. In situating nudes in the parkland setting of Toronto Islands, he set off a storm of controversy that reveals contemporaneous ideas about the land, nature, and the city in the 1930s. The author argues that while a culture of (wild) nature dominates the historiography of Canadian visual culture, Russell's significant output suggests that the apparent intractability of wilderness painting did not go unchallenged, and close attention to the details of Russell's decade- long skirmish with the Group of Seven provides further insight into an alternate culture of nature. Le present article examine comment la « culture de la nature » continue de hanter l'historiogra- phie des etudes sur la culture visuelle canadienne et s'inspire d'une etude de cas des annees 1930 pour complexifier cette histoire. La peinture des paysages canadiens, normalisee avec des
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it