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Record W1493384889 · doi:10.1090/s0002-9939-03-06941-7

On the irrationality of a certain multivariate 𝑞 series

2003· article· en· W1493384889 on OpenAlexafffund
Peter Borwein, Ping Zhou

Bibliographic record

VenueProceedings of the American Mathematical Society · 2003
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMathematics
TopicAdvanced Mathematical Identities
Canadian institutionsSt. Francis Xavier UniversitySimon Fraser University
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsIrrationalityIrrational numberRational numberSeries (stratigraphy)CombinatoricsMathematicsRationalityPhilosophyGeometryBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

We prove that for integers <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="q greater-than 1 comma m greater-than-or-equal-to 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">q&gt;1,m\geq 1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and positive rationals <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="r 1 comma r 2 comma midline-horizontal-ellipsis comma r Subscript m Baseline not-equals q Superscript j Baseline comma j equals 1 comma 2 comma midline-horizontal-ellipsis comma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo> ≠ </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">r_1,r_2,\cdots ,r_m\neq q^j,j=1,2,\cdots ,</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> the series <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> \[ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="sigma-summation Underscript j equals 1 Overscript normal infinity Endscripts StartFraction q Superscript negative j Baseline Over left-parenthesis 1 minus q Superscript negative j Baseline r 1 right-parenthesis left-parenthesis 1 minus q Superscript negative j Baseline r 2 right-parenthesis midline-horizontal-ellipsis left-parenthesis 1 minus q Superscript negative j Baseline r Subscript m Baseline right-parenthesis EndFraction"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:munderover> <mml:mo> ∑ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:munderover> <mml:mfrac> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo> ⋯ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mi>j</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\sum _{j=1}^\infty \frac {q^{-j}}{\left ( 1-q^{-j}r_1\right ) \left ( 1-q^{-j}r_2\right ) \cdots \left ( 1-q^{-j}r_m\right ) }</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> \] </disp-formula> is irrational. Furthermore, if all the positive rationals <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="r 1 comma r 2 comma midline-horizontal-ellipsis comma r Subscript m Baseline"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mm

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.009
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.088
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.009
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.002
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.038
GPT teacher head0.311
Teacher spread0.273 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2003
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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