Renal responses to severe haemorrhage in conscious lambs: role of kappa opioid receptors (1157.1)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In previous studies, we showed that activation of kappa opioid receptors (KORs) alters cardiorenal function in conscious newborn lambs. The endogenous ligand for KORs, Dynorphin, is increased in response to blood loss, although any role for KORs in the renal responses to haemorrhage in the newborn is not known. Therefore, in conscious newborn lambs (N=7, aged 7 to 9 days), various parameters of glomerular and tubular function were measured for 30 min before (Control) and 120 min after 30% haemorrhage after pretreatment with vehicle (experiment one) or the selective KOR antagonist, GNTI (experiment two). After vehicle, glomerular filtration rate decreased 30 min after haemorrhage from 0.24±0.08 to 0.14±0.05 mL/min/g and remained at 0.19±0.08 mL/min/g at 120 min. Renal plasma flow decreased by 30 min from 1.5±0.5 to 0.7±0.2 and then increased to 1.1±0.4 mL/min/g after 120 min. Urinary flow rates and electrolyte clearances also decreased after haemorrhage. These renal responses were not altered by pretreatment with GNTI. In contrast, after vehicle, free water clearance decreased from ‐0.6±1.8 to ‐1.8±1.2 μL/min/g 30 min after haemorrhage, but increased after pretreatment with GNTI from ‐1.1±1.0 to 1.3±0.6 μL/min/g. Therefore, in the newborn period, KORs appear to regulate tubular water reabsorption but are not involved in other tubular or glomerular responses to severe blood loss. Grant Funding Source : Supported by the CIHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".