Design of end turns in current-dominated dipole and quadrupole magnets for fields with low higher-harmonic content.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A design approach based on a stream function with a single angular Fourier component can be used to specify the end-turn configuration in magnet windings with discrete blocks of conductors. The design approach is especially appropriate for large-bore, current-dominated magnets with many turns. The design method can be summarized as follows: First find a winding-block layout (block angles, number of turns in each block, etc.) for the central, straight-conductor part of the windings that produces two-dimensional fields with negligible higher harmonic content. Next, specify the numbers of groups of conductors into which each block of the 2-D part of the winding fans out in the end-turn region. Also specify the end-zone axial length and the shape-function profile for the end zones. Finally, generate turn contours by finding conductor-group centerline curves in the developed (flattened) cylinder surface that are contours of constant stream function. Individual turns are specified by constant parallel displacement from the group centerline curve in the developed winding surface. An interactive computer program performs the above steps has been written and has been used to design end windings for a test quadrupole example. The unwanted higher harmonics in both peak and integral fields as computed by the Biot-Savart law are remarkably low.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".