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Record W1495940362 · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.9.1387

Needle exchange, pragmatism, and moralism

2000· letter· en· W1495940362 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
R A Coutinho

Bibliographic record

VenueAmerican Journal of Public Health · 2000
Typeletter
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicHIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersUniversiteit van Amsterdam
KeywordsPragmatismMoralityMedicinePolitical sciencePhilosophyLawEpistemology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

American Journal of Public Health 1387 risk of infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149:203–213. 6. Normand J, Vlahov D, Moses LE, eds. Preventing HIV Transmission: The Role of Sterile Needles and Bleach. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1995. 7. Lurie P, Reingold AL, Bowser B, et al. The Public Health Impact of Needle Exchange Programs in the United States and Abroad. Vol 1. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 1993. 8. Schechter MT, Strathdee SA, Cornelisse PGA, et al. Do needle exchange programs increase the spread of HIV among injection drug users: an investigation of the Vancouver outbreak. AIDS. 1999;13(6):F45–F51. 9. Moss AR, Hahn JA. Needle exchange—no help for hepatitis? Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149: 214–216. 10. Heimer R, Kaplan EH, Khoshnood K, Jariwala B, Cadman EC. Needle exchange decreases the prevalence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in returned syringes in New Haven, Connecticut. Am J Med. 1993;95:214–220. 11. Hahn JA, Vranizan K, MossAR. Who uses needle exchange? A study of injection drug users in treatment in San Francisco. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997;15:157–164. 12. Bourgois P, Bruneau J. Needle exchange and the politics of science: confronting Canada’s cocaine injection epidemic with participant observation. Med Anthropol. In press. 13. Musto DF. The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1987. 14. Nelson KE, Celentano DD, Eiumtrakol S, et al. Changes in sexual behavior and a decline in HIV infection among young men in Thailand. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:297–303. 15. Wawer MJ, Sewankambo NK, Serwadda D, et al. Control of sexually transmitted diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 1999;353:525–535. 16. Grosskurth H, Mosha F, Todd J, et al. Impact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania: randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 1995;346: 530–536.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Commentary · Consensus signal: Commentary
Teacher disagreement score0.393
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.004
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.074
GPT teacher head0.367
Teacher spread0.294 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreCommentary

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations32
Published2000
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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