A climatology of the stratopause in WACCM and the zonally asymmetric elevated stratopause
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A climatology of the stratopause is produced using a 40 year simulation of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). Anomalies in polar winter stratopause temperature and height are interpreted with respect to the location of the polar vortices and anticyclones. The WACCM climatology is compared to an 8 year climatology based on Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations and data from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) version 5 from August 2004 to July 2012. The WACCM climatology is in excellent agreement with observations, except in the Antarctic vortex where the WACCM stratopause is ~10K warmer and ~5 km higher than observations. WACCM diabatic heating rates support the hypothesis that ageostrophic vertical motions associated with baroclinic planetary waves are responsible for producing Arctic winter temperature anomalies. The area of the winter polar vortices in WACCM at the stratopause is 30% smaller in the NH and 45% smaller in the SH compared to GEOS. The long WACCM record allows us to explore the geographical distribution and temporal evolution of a composite of 15 elevated stratopause (ES) events. This composite is in good agreement with the 2012 ES event observed by MLS, though December ES events in WACCM are not observed by MLS. This is the first work to show that ES events are not zonally symmetric. In the 30 days following ES events, the ES composite shows that the stratopause altitude is highest over the Canadian Arctic, and the highest stratopause temperatures occur 90° to the east over the Norwegian Sea.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".