Maternal risk factors for gastroschisis in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall defect that occurs in one per 2200 pregnancies. Birth defect surveillance in Canada has shown that the prevalence of gastroschisis has increased threefold over the past 10 years. The purpose of this study was to compare maternal exposures data from a national gastroschisis registry with pregnancy exposures from vital statistics to understand maternal risk factor associations with the occurrence of gastroschisis. METHODS: Using common definitions, pregnancy cohorts were developed from two databases. The Canadian Pediatric Surgery Network database, a population-based dataset was used to record maternal exposures for women who experienced a gastroschisis pregnancy, while a contemporaneous, geographically cross-sectional "control" cohort of pregnant women and their exposures was developed from Canadian Community Health Survey data. Groups comparison of maternal risk factors was performed using univariate and multivariate logistic generalized estimating equation techniques. RESULTS: A total of 692 gastroschisis pregnancies (from Canadian Pediatric Surgery Network) and 4708 pregnancies from Canadian Community Health Survey were compared. Younger maternal age (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.87; p < 0.0001), smoking (odds ratio, 2.86; 95% confidence interval, 2.22-3.66; p < 0.0001), a history of pregestational or gestational diabetes (odds ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-5.5; p = 0.0031), and use of medication to treat depression (odds ratio, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.38-11.8; p = 0.011) emerged as significant associations with gastroschisis pregnancies. CONCLUSION: Gastroschisis in Canada is associated with maternal risk factors, some of which are modifiable. Further studies into sociodemographic birth defect risk are necessary to allow targeted improvements in perinatal health service delivery and health policy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".