Changes in Food Group and Nutrient Intakes Following a DNA‐based Dietary Advice Intervention for Sodium Intake
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A recent randomized controlled trial demonstrated that DNA‐based dietary advice improved dietary compliance to sodium recommendations to a greater extent than general dietary recommendations. While sodium intake is a public health concern, little is known about changes to diet quality when individuals reduce their sodium intake. The objective of the present study was to investigate changes in food group and nutrient intakes following dietary sodium reduction. Subjects aged 20–35 years (n=138) completed a baseline food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were randomized to an intervention (I) or control (C) group. Those in the I group were genotyped for the angiotensin‐I converting enzyme ( ACE ) gene, which is associated with salt‐sensitive hypertension, and were given DNA‐based advice for sodium intake based on their ACE genotype. The C group was given a general recommendation for sodium intake without genetic information. Another FFQ was collected 12 months after the intervention. General linear models with a Tukey‐Kramer post‐hoc test for multiple comparisons were conducted to examine changes in intakes of food groups and dietary intakes of macronutrients and micronutrients. Compared to the C group, subjects in the I group who carried the risk version of ACE significantly reduced their intake of meat and alternatives (servings/day) (‐0.34 ± 0.13 [I] vs. 0.13 ± 0.16 [C], p=0.04). Significant reductions were also observed for intakes of cholesterol (mg/day) (‐32.9 ± 17.9 [I] vs. 14.4 ± 20.9 [C], p=0.04) and fiber (g/day) (‐0.8 ± 1.5 [I] vs. 3.1 ± 1.8 [C], p=0.01). These results demonstrate the effect of dietary sodium reduction on other aspects of diet quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".