Two phytoplankton blooms near Luzon Strait generated by lingering Typhoon Parma
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two phytoplankton blooms near Luzon Strait triggered by Typhoon Parma in 2009 were investigated using remote sensing data and in situ observations. Parma was slow moving (a translation speed of ~2 m s −1 ) and relatively weak (a maximum sustained wind of ~30 m s −1 ) during its lingering path northwest of Luzon Island. After it reached a point (120.5°E, 20.3°N) west of Luzon Strait, Parma turned sharply back toward the northern Philippines along approximately the same course. Such long (~7 days) lingering typhoons are rather rare in the South China Sea (SCS). Before Parma, low Chl‐ a concentrations (<0.2 mg m −3 ) were observed in the northeastern SCS. After its passage, a strong offshore phytoplankton increase (Chl‐ a > 0.6 mg m −3 ) appeared west of the central Luzon Strait; a nearshore phytoplankton increase was also observed north of Luzon Island, together with high CDOM (color dissolved organic matter). During and after the typhoon, sea‐surface cooling (~3°C), stronger wind (>20 m s −1 ), and heavy rainfall (>100 mm day −1 ) were seen in the above regions. The offshore bloom occurred where Parma's translation speed was the slowest (~1 m s −1 ). It may be caused primarily by the Ekman pumping which brought nutrients upward to the euphotic zone and also by the entrainment mixing. The nearshore bloom may be triggered by the heavy typhoon‐induced rainfall, which supplied nutrients for the coast region north of Luzon Island. The rapid increase of CDOM in the nearshore region implied that terrestrial input may be the source of nutrients.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it