Spousal support decreases the negative impact of pain on mental quality of life in women with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Study Type – Symptom prevalence (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Research has demonstrated that significant others influence the course of pain experienced by individuals with chronic pain. Generally, spousal responses to pain behaviour are associated with higher levels of pain, disability, and depression. The present research discusses novel findings regarding how spousal responses to patient pain behaviour influences the impact of pain on mental quality of life in women with IC/PBS. These findings go beyond correlations, and begin to untangle the circumstances under which pain influences mental quality of life. Women with IC/PBS would benefit from spouse‐led distraction as a way to help them cope with their pain. OBJECTIVE • To examine whether spousal responses to patient pain would alter the association between pain and patient health‐related quality of life (HRQL), depression and disability. METHODS • Ninety‐six women with IC/PBlS (mean age = 50.6 (13.8); mean time since diagnosis = 6.2 years) completed questionnaires on demographics, depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale), disability (Pain Disability Index), HRQL (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12) and a measure of perceived spousal responses to their pain (Multidimensional Pain Inventory). • A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance examined association changes between pain and adjustment variables at high, moderate and low levels of negative, solicitous and distracting spousal responses. RESULTS • The association between pain and all outcome variables did not vary as a function of levels of solicitous and negative spousal responses. • However, the association between pain and mental HRQL was stronger at lower levels ( β =−1.25) of distracting responses than it was at moderate ( β =−0.66) and higher ( β =−0.06) levels. CONCLUSION • Distracting spousal responses act to ‘buffer’ the deleterious effects of pain on mental HRQL for women suffering from IC/PBlS. Spousal support training may be a useful HRQL intervention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".