Determined to be Homesteaders: A Descriptive Analysis of the Homestead Records of Single Women Who Purchased Volunteer Bounty Land in Saskatchewan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Under the land regulations set out by the Canadian government in 1871, single women were not eligible to obtain a free homestead of 160 acres in the western Canadian prairie region. Rather, their male counterparts, those who were eighteen years of age and older, were deemed to be acceptable candidates and entitled to qualify for the quarter-sections. However, by 1908, single women finally obtained an opportunity to register for homestead land, follow the homestead regulations, and gain title to property. This was done through The Volunteer Bounty Act of 1908. While the primary purpose of this Act was to benefit Canadian soldiers who had volunteered and fought in South Africa in the Boer War (1899-1902) by granting them 320 acres of free homestead land in the western prairie region, the Act allowed soldiers to name a substitute; that is, any adult individual who would assume full responsibility for the property and follow homestead regulations. In many cases, the purchasers of these lands were women. Given this unique and innovative way for women to obtain homestead land, this paper will provide a descriptive analysis of the efforts made by single Saskatchewan women in their pursuit of gaining title to their own land.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".