Foam stability of leaves from anthocyanidin‐accumulating <i>Lc</i>‐alfalfa and relation to molecular structures detected by fourier‐transformed infrared‐vibration spectroscopy
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Foam stability related to pasture bloat from alfalfa pastures might be reduced by introducing a gene that stimulates the accumulation of mono‐/polymeric‐anthocyanidin. The objective of this study was to determine the foam formation (at 0 min) and stability (at 150 min) from aqueous leaf extracts of three transgenic Lc ‐alfalfa progeny (Beav Lc 1, Ramb Lc 3 and Rang Lc 4), parental non‐transgenic (NT) alfalfa and AC Grazeland (bloat‐reduced cultivar) harvested at 07:00 or 18:00 h. Initial and final foam volumes at 07:00 h were lower for AC Grazeland compared with all other treatments and lower for Rang Lc 4 compared with the other two Lc ‐progeny at 0 min and NT‐alfalfa at 150 min. At 18:00 h, initial foam volume was larger for NT‐alfalfa and final foam volume was larger for Ramb Lc 3 compared with AC Grazeland, Beav Lc 1 and Rang Lc 4. Spectroscopic vibration associated with carbohydrates increased initial foam volume and stability. More amide I relative to amide II, fewer α‐helices relative to β‐sheets and leaf extract ethanol‐film and protein content increased initial foam volume but did not stabilize it. Spectroscopic vibration associated with all carbohydrates other than structural carbohydrates was more important than vibration from protein structures for foam formation and stabilization. In conclusion, Lc ‐alfalfa accumulated anthocyanidin and had reduced foaming properties compared with parental NT alfalfa but AC Grazeland and Rang Lc 4 had the lowest foaming properties.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it