Impact of tumour location versus multifocality in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision: a homogeneous series without perioperative chemotherapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
UNLABELLED: It is well established that upper tract urothelial carcinoma is a rare cancer with an aggressive course. Currently, radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision remains the standard of care in the treatment of these tumours. Previous studies demonstrate that stage, grade and lymphovascular invasion have prognostic significance on recurrence and outcome whereas the prognostic impact of tumour location remains unclear. This study provides an accurate analysis of the impact of tumour location and multifocality on prognosis in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma following nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision. Ureteral tumour location, particularly when associated with multifocal disease in the renal pelvis, is significantly associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence and cancer-specific death after surgery. OBJECTIVE: To examine the significance of ureteral and renal pelvic location of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in a large multi-institutional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected and pooled a database of 637 patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent radical nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision in nine international academic centres. Univariate and multivariate models examined the effect of tumour location on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates. Collected variables included age, gender, race, presence of lymphovascular invasion, concomitant carcinoma in situ, pathological stage, lymph node dissection and type of surgery (open vs laparoscopic). RESULTS: Anatomically, 34% of tumours were ureteral, 59% were renal pelvic and 7% were multifocal. Median follow-up for patients alive was 42 months (interquartile range: 19-76). Race, type of surgery, pathological stage and presence of lymphovascular invasion were significantly different across the three subgroups of patients (all P values <0.05). Age, gender, grade, presence of concomitant carcinoma in situ and follow-up duration were similar among the three subgroups. On multivariable Cox regression analyses, ureteral tumour location was an independent predictor of worse RFS (hazard ratio 2.1, P = 0.006) and CSS (hazard ratio 2.0, P = 0.027). When associated with renal pelvic disease, ureteral location was an even stronger independent predictor of worse RFS (hazard ratio 4.6, P < 0.001) and CSS (hazard ratio 4.0, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Ureteral tumour location, particularly in association with multifocal disease in the renal pelvis, is an independent prognostic factor for higher disease recurrence and cancer-specific mortality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".