Women Exiting Prison: Critical Essays on Gender, Post-Release Support and Survival
Bibliographic record
Abstract
WOMEN EXITING PRISON: CRITICAL ESSAYS ON GENDER, POST-RELEASE SUPPORT AND SURVIVAL Carlton, B. and Segrave, M. (eds.) (2013) London: Routledge, pp212. hbk. 90.00 [pounds sterling], ISBN 978-0-415-63076-4 The damaging impact of women's imprisonment has been a focus of international attention for many years. The punishment of women, many of whom have been criminalised as a direct result of their attempts to survive poverty, violence and abuse, has been highlighted as a phenomenon that is replicated internationally, and one which continues to perplex policy-makers, politicians and academics. The 'revolving door' appears to be an international phenomenon, where women are given short-term prison sentences for minor but frequent offences (often related to addiction); such sentences do not provide sufficient time for interventions within the prison (if such facilities exist) to take effect, but do effectively and consistently ensure that women will accrue additional problems as a direct result of the period of incarceration. Internationally, reforms have been implemented with little visible effect; leaving activists and abolitionists struggling to ameliorate the damaging effects of prison as they are experienced by individual women, while at the same time, waging ongoing campaigns for a broader abolitionist agenda that links into their calls for wider structural reforms. Women Exiting Prison engages with these debates by focusing on the issues facing women as they leave prison. The post-release period is considered as one aspect of a lifetime trajectory; and a potential opportunity for individual (ex) prisoners to make a new start in their lives. This state of transition is referred to in official-speak in a variety of ways: 'reintegration', 'through-care', 're-entry'. However, as this edited collection of critical essays highlights, unless the circumstances that impacted on the lives of women prior to imprisonment are addressed, their chances on the outside are likely to be limited. The provision of adequate post-release support often appears to be lost in wider preoccupations with penal policy and 'effective interventions'. The international dimension of the 'post-release and reintegration industries' (Carlen and Tombs, 2006) is referred to throughout the book; as is the significance of 'intersectionality' where multiple structures (gender, class, race) interact. Drawing upon international research, this edited collection highlights the variable policy attention directed towards post-release support and the subsequent allocation of resources. Contributors draw upon examples of prison exit from the United States (Bumiller, chapter 1; Shaylor and Meiners, chapter 9); Australia (Carlton and Baldry, chapter 3; Baldry, chapter 5; Kilroy et al., chapter 8); Canada (Hannah-Moffat and Innocente, chapter 4); England and Wales (Kendall, chapter 2; Corcoran and Fox, chapter 7) and Northern Ireland (Kerr and Moore, chapter 6). The introduction (Segrave and Carlton) and postscript (Carlton and Segrave) set the context of the book by focusing on gendered transcarceral realities; and the significance of a radical vision for system and social change. While each chapter provides a thorough account of the circumstances facing women post-release within these national contexts, a number of themes are evident throughout the book which powerfully illustrate the international limitations of reforms initially intended to reduce the imprisonment of women but which actually serve to increase or to draw more women into supervisory and surveillance measures. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.032 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".