Exercise training augments neuronal nitric oxide synthase‐mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in contracting skeletal muscle of rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that exercise training would increase neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 18) were randomized to sedentary or exercise-trained (40 m min(-1), 5° grade; 5 days week(-1) for 4 weeks) groups. Following completion of sedentary behaviour or exercise training, rats were anaesthetized and instrumented with a brachial artery catheter, femoral artery flow probe and stimulating electrodes on the lumbar sympathetic chain. The percentage change of femoral vascular conductance (%FVC) in response to sympathetic chain stimulations delivered at 2 and 5 Hz was determined at rest and during triceps surae muscle contraction before (control) and after selective nNOS blockade with S-methyl-l-thiocitrulline (SMTC, 0.6 mg kg(-1), i.v.) and subsequent non-selective NOS blockade with l-NAME (5 mg kg(-1), i.v.; SMTC + l-NAME). At rest, sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness was greater (P < 0.05) in exercise-trained compared to sedentary rats in control, SMTC and SMTC + l-NAME conditions. During contraction, the constrictor response was not different (P > 0.05) between exercise trained (2 Hz: -11 ± 4%FVC; 5 Hz: -21 ± 5%FVC) and sedentary rats (2 Hz: -7 ± 6%FVC; 5 Hz: -18 ± 10%FVC) in control conditions. SMTC augmented (P < 0.05) sympathetic vasoconstriction in sedentary and exercise-trained rats; however, sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness was greater (P < 0.05) in exercise-trained (2 Hz: -27 ± 5%FVC; 5 Hz: -39 ± 5%FVC) compared to sedentary (2 Hz: -17 ± 6%FVC; 5 Hz: -27 ± 8%FVC) rats during selective nNOS inhibition. SMTC + l-NAME further augmented (P < 0.05) sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness by a similar magnitude (P > 0.05) in exercise-trained and sedentary rats. These data demonstrate that exercise training augmented nNOS-mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in contracting muscle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".